Middle-aged adults with higher leptin availability, a hormone that regulates appetite and weight, show stronger brain structures and cognitive functions, potentially shielding against Alzheimer's.
Obesity has long been associated with a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease, but scientists don’t fully understand what drives this link. However, some research indicates that leptin, a hormone that regulates appetite and body weight, may be vital in protecting brain health. A recent study found that middle-aged adults with higher leptin bioavailability had better brain structure and cognitive function than those with lower levels.
Researchers analyzed data from more than 2,200 cognitively healthy participants enrolled in the Framingham Heart Study. They measured leptin and related markers in the participants' blood and tested their cognitive function. Then, they assessed their brain structure using magnetic resonance imaging scans to measure white matter integrity and signs of brain atrophy.
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They found that participants with greater leptin bioavailability had better white matter integrity, indicated by reduced brain degeneration markers and better brain connectivity. However, participants with higher levels of a leptin-related marker called soluble leptin receptor were more likely to have poorer brain structure.
These findings suggest that leptin protects brain health, potentially reducing the risk of dementia later in life. They also highlight how metabolic health in midlife can influence cognitive aging, especially for those with obesity. Poor sleep can suppress the effects of leptin, ultimately impairing metabolic function. Learn more in this clip featuring Dr. Matt Walker.