The gut-brain axis may hold more clues about cognitive decline than previously realized, with some evidence suggesting that gut microbial populations might influence brain health and cognitive function. A recent study found that older adults with cognitive impairment had distinct differences in their gut microbes compared to those without impairment.

Researchers assigned 229 adults aged 60 and older to one of two groups based on their cognitive function. They analyzed the diversity and composition of the participants' gut microbes and used machine learning to identify key bacterial species associated with cognitive impairment. They also investigated how lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise influenced these bacterial populations.

They found that participants with cognitive impairment had less diverse gut microbial populations than those without, indicating a potential link between less microbial diversity and cognitive decline. They noted that higher numbers of specific bacteria, including Megamonas, Blautia, and Veillonella, were associated with better cognitive function. They also found that higher fruit intake and regular exercise were linked to increased abundance of these beneficial species.

These findings suggest that maintaining a healthy gut microbiota through diet and exercise is essential in preserving cognitive function as we age. Time-restricted eating helps promote gut microbial diversity. Learn more in this clip featuring Dr. Satchin Panda.