Psychobiotics and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Where Do We Go from Here?

The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA), the bidirectional relationship between the microbes that inhabit the human gut and the nervous system, plays critical roles in neurological, hormonal, and immune function, influencing multiple aspects of health. This review summarizes recent research investigating the effects of probiotics on the MGBA and their potential role in managing neuropsychiatric disorders.