APOE4 disrupts fat metabolism in brain cells, increasing Alzheimer's disease risk – but choline may restore normal metabolism.
Disrupted fat metabolism drives the link between the APOE4 gene and Alzheimer’s disease risk, according to a new study. Choline supplementation helps restore normal fat metabolism, however.
Researchers studied the effects of the APOE4 gene on fat metabolism in astrocytes – a type of brain cell. They found that astrocytes that carried the APOE4 gene accumulated unsaturated triglycerides, causing an imbalance in the types of fats in the cells. However, when they applied choline to the cells, the normal balance was restored.
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Choline is an essential nutrient that participates in the synthesis of fats necessary for cell membrane integrity and function. It is produced in the liver and is also found in foods such as eggs, meat, fish, beans, and nuts and as a dietary supplement. Most people living in the United States don’t consume enough choline – 550 milligrams per day for men and 425 milligrams per day for women – potentially increasing their risk for various diseases.
The findings from this cell study suggest that APOE4-driven impairments in fatty acid metabolism increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease, but supplemental choline may reduce this risk. Other evidence suggests that impaired brain transport of DHA, a type of omega-3 fatty acid, increases Alzheimer’s disease risk. Learn more in this open-access, peer-reviewed article by Dr. Rhonda Patrick.