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“When infected by a pathogen such as a virus, the body mounts an immune response and produces antibodies against the invader. Antibodies bind to specific sites on the viral surface known as epitopes and signal the immune system to destroy the virus.”

“Memory CD4+ T cells rapidly respond to reinfection to support inflammation and antibody production. Memory CD8+ T cells, also called cytotoxic T cells, bind to virus-infected host cells and order them to undergo apoptosis (i.e., programmed cell death).”

“A large study performed at multiple medical settings in seven cities around the country found that surgical masks were as good as N95 respirators in protecting healthcare workers from influenza and other viral respiratory illnesses.”

“Infection with SARS-CoV2, the virus that causes COVID-19, disproportionally affects men more than women in terms of both incidence and severity. Some evidence indicates that men are more than twice as likely to die from COVID-19 than women.”

“All of the patients who received both the antibiotic azithromycin and the hydroxychloroquine cleared the virus from nasopharyngeal samples. Azithromycin is an antibiotic that has been shown to have antiviral activity against some viruses like Ebola in animal studies.”

“The study investigators analyzed blood samples from more than 10 million active duty military personnel, collected during routine health exams over a period of 20 years. From this group, they identified 801 personnel who had been tested for Epstein-Barr virus and later developed multiple sclerosis while on active duty.”

“Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 at the end of 2019, much has been learned about its infection course, including transmission, replication, and immune reactivity. Findings of a new report demonstrate the effects of previous infection with the common cold virus on the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.”

“A new study found the SARS-CoV-2 virus was detectable in aerosols for up to 3 hrs, up to 24 hrs on cardboard and up to 2-3 days on plastic/stainless steel. This really highlights the importance of washing your hands and cleaning surfaces that are commonly used in households.”

“All participants were asked to track their symptoms using a standardized questionnaire and to collect nasal swabs so researchers could measure viral shedding, which refers to the amount of virus detected in the nose, over time.”