Rhonda Patrick's Comprehensive Joe Rogan Experience Notes

Suppose you've enjoyed any of Dr. Patrick's Joe Rogan Experience appearances. In that case, you might also like the FoundMyFitness podcast (also available on Spotify), which features many great interviews with Rhonda's favorite heroes of science, exploring the frontier of human healthspan. Most episodes are also available as full-length annotated YouTube episodes.

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Select an accordion below for references and timeline corresponding to each appearance of Dr. Rhonda Patrick on Joe Rogan's podcast The Joe Rogan Experience. Linked times should open to the appropriate point in Spotify.

JRE #1701 - August 25th, 2021

Timeline

  • 00:00:13 - Rhonda's personal experience of being on a ketogenic diet. 
  • 00:05:36 - Beta-hydroxybutyrate produced from ketosis increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). 1
  • 00:09:08 - "Most people who think they are in ketosis actually are not"
  • 00:13:45 - What are the benefits of taking supplemental ketones?
  • 00:17:19 - How Rhonda's mom experienced improvement in her tremors by adopting a ketogenic diet.
  • 00:26:10 - Rhonda's personal experience of being on a ketogenic diet. (continued)
  • 00:29:52 - Eating certain fishes can lead to toxic heavy metal poisoning. 
  • 00:35:33 - Comparing the nutrition of wild vs factory farmed meat.
  • 00:38:00 - Until 2017 antibiotics have been used to make factory farmed animals grow faster and larger. 1
  • 00:40:36 - Drug-resistant bacteria, like MRSA, can cause rapid life-threatening infections.
  • 00:42:52 - Anecdotes about natural topicals and supplements for various skin infections.
  • 00:54:20 - Beginning of sauna and whole-body hyperthermia discussion.
  • 00:54:20 - Sauna-use increases immunity and extends lifespan.
  • 00:57:40 - Rhonda's recent publication: "Sauna use as a lifestyle practice to extend healthspan"
  • 01:01:41 - Whole-body hyperthermia for the treatment of major depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial.
  • 01:08:11 - Beginning of cold-water immersion discussion.
  • 01:08:11 - Cold water placed in the ear can cause extreme dizziness and vision changes known as the caloric reflex.
  • 01:10:37 - Surfers and martial arts fighters can develop malformed ears over time.
  • 01:13:43 - Going from a hot sauna to a cold ice bath can cause large vascular shifts that can cause dizziness.
  • 01:29:50 - Rhonda talks about the health benefits of saunas highlighted in her recent review. 1
  • 01:33:43 - Using the ice bath too soon after exercise can blunt the benefits of exercise. 1
  • 01:37:57 - Beginning of omega-3 discussion.
  • 01:37:57 - Higher omega-3 index was associated with a 17% decrease in all-cause mortality. 1
  • 01:40:40 - High omega-3 levels were associated with living an extra 5 years. 1
  • 01:43:40 - 4 grams of the omega-3 in the form of EPA can prevent cardiovascular disease. 1 2 3
  • 01:49:10 - Vitamin D levels predicted COVID-19 severity in hospitalized patients. 1 
  • 01:51:25 - High omega-3 index closely trended with COVID-19 severity in recent pilot study. 1
  • 01:53:25 - Level of inflammation is associated with chances of living to 100+. 1
  • 01:55:26 - How much fish oil and omega-3 can someone safely take in a day?
  • 02:01:16 - The unique challenges of nutritional research.
  • 02:10:41 - Beginning of COVID-19 discussion.
  • 02:10:41 - Addressing COVID-19 vaccine myths. 
  • 02:13:55 - One person dies every 36 seconds in the United States from cardiovascular disease. 1
  • 02:14:00 - Someone in the United States has a stroke every 40 seconds. Every 4 minutes, someone dies of stroke. 1
  • 02:20:43 - Young, healthy individuals are more likely to get myocarditis from COVID-19 than from COVID-19 vaccines. 1
  • 02:23:00 - COVID-19 infections can cause loss of grey brain mass on MRI. 1 
  • 02:26:43 - The spike protein in COVID-19 vaccines is different from the spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and cannot bind to the ACE2 receptor. 1 2 3
  • 02:29:30 - Biodistribution of Pfizer mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in animals and humans. 1
  • 02:32:00 - The small study that showed residual spike protein in the blood after vaccination used a test with a 25% false positivity rate. 1 2
  • 02:39:20 - Low neutralizing antibody levels predict breakthrough COVID infection 1 2 3
  • 02:40:07 - COVID-19 vaccines are less effective against delta-variant but still prevent overall transmission. 1
  • 02:43:45 - Singapore study (preprint) on Delta variant shows decreased onward transmission with Pfizer/BioNtech and Moderna vaccines. 1
  • 02:52:07 - Is there evidence that ivermectin prevents COVID-19?
  • 03:00:57 - Discussion of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy.

Relevant resources:

New FoundMyFitness Episodes

New sauna paper

FoundMyFitness Overview Articles:

Studies mentioned on the podcast:

Whole-body hyperthermia

Omega-3

COVID-19

Ivermectin (completed trials)

Ongoing trials on Ivermectin

SARS-CoV-2 Virus

Vaccines and reproduction

JRE #1474

Dr. Rhonda Patrick makes her ninth appearance on the Joe Rogan Experience.

A few of the topics and studies mentioned in this episode include...

  • 00:00:57 - Previous exposure to various viruses affects the immune response to novel viruses. 
  • 00:02:48 - Between 50-80% of the US population has had CMV infection by the age of 40 and most do not show any symptoms. 1
  • 00:03:55 - CMV infection has been shown to modify the immune system. Infection in healthy young people could enhance the immune response to the influenza vaccine while older adults have a blunted immune response to influenza vaccine. 1, 2, 3, 4
  • 00:06:40 - At any given time, an individual carries antibodies to about 10 different viral species. 1
  • 00:07:28 - Coronaviruses are responsible for 15-30% of common colds. 1, 2
  • 00:08:00 - SARS-CoV-1 can generate neutralizing antibodies against HCoV-OC43 which could offer cross-immunity and HCoV-OC43 can generate cross-reactive antibodies against SARS-CoV-1. 1
  • 00:08:20 - Antibodies for HCoV-OC43, one of the coronaviruses responsible for the common cold, were found to cross-react with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. 1, 2
  • 00:10:40 - CDC study in elderly home showing that most people who are “asymptomatic” are actually presymptomatic. 1
  • 00:13:55 - Antibodies from Llamas Could Help in Fight Against COVID-19.
  • 00:17:18 - Antibody-dependent enhancement is when the immune system creates antibodies that can cause a more severe reinfection instead of protection. 1
  • 00:18:50 - In 1967 the RSV vaccine caused an antibody-dependent enhancement in toddlers and caused worse respiratory disease and death. 1
  • 00:19:30 - There have been reports of antibody-dependent enhancement in both SARS-CoV-1 and MERS 1, 2, 3
  • 00:21:42 - Asians were more commonly found to have a genetic predisposition that confers resistance against a strain of SARS-CoV-2 that is common in Europe and North America. 1
  • 00:22:28 - FoundMyFitness genetic report.
  • 00:22:51 - The location of the mutation on this strain of SARS-CoV-2 was also implicated in antibody-dependent enhancement with the original SARS-CoV-1 virus. 1
  • 00:24:32 - Type O blood is less likely to get infected with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), 1
  • 00:29:32 - Beginning of Vitamin D discussion.
  • 00:29:32 - In the Philippines, every standard deviation increase in serum vitamin D was associated with an 8 times more likely chance to have a mild rather than severe COVID-19 outcome and a 20 times more likely chance to have a mild rather than critical outcome. 1
  • 00:30:37 - In Indonesia, 98.9% of patients with vitamin D deficiency died, 88% of patients with vitamin D insufficiency died but only 4% of patients with sufficient vitamin D died. 1
  • 00:31:21 - Approximately 70% of the US has either deficiency vitamin D or what is known as insufficiency. 1
  • 00:33:51 - People of black ethnicity are twice as likely to die from COVID-19 than white people in England and Wales even after accounting for differences in some confounding factors. 1
  • 00:37:16 - Obese individuals have greater than 50% less bioavailability of vitamin D compared to non-obese individual and are 3 times more likely to be vitamin D deficient. 1, 2
  • 00:37:28 - Vitamin D regulates over 5% of the human protein-encoding genome. 1
  • 00:39:04 - Mendelian randomization studies show that genetically low plasma vitamin D levels are associated with a higher mortality from respiratory infections. 1, 2
  • 00:39:49 - Daily or weekly supplementation of vitamin D reduced the risk of acute respiratory infection by more than 50% in people with the lowest baseline vitamin D levels. People with higher baseline vitamin D levels also benefited, although the effect was more modest (10 percent risk reduction). 1
  • 00:40:23 - The upper limit of safety for vitamin D supplementation is set at 4,000 IU/ day but studies have shown 10,000 IU of vitamin D per day for one year had no adverse effects and no hypercalcemia. 1, 2
  • 00:41:14 - Meta-analysis showing vitamin D plus vitamin K can increase bone mineral density while not causing blood vessel calcification 1
  • 00:44:24 - Although ACE2 is necessary for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the cell, having less ACE2 may increase the risk of severe disease. 1
  • 00:44:53 - When the active form of vitamin D was administered before lung injury, it protected from acute lung injury by helping to balance the renin-angiotensin-system by increasing ACE2 levels and down-regulating renin. 1
  • 00:46:10 - Vitamin D normalizes ACE2 receptor levels in situations where it is downregulated in animal studies not in control animals.1, 2, 3
  • 00:46:20 - Human recombinant soluble ACE2 reduced the SARS-CoV-2 infection in engineered human organoid tissues. 1
  • 00:53:33 - Vitamin D supplementation for 16 weeks caused 2 year reduction in epigenetic aging in African Americans. 1
  • 00:55:55 - Beginning of Vitamin C discussion.
  • 00:58:01 - 3 grams of oral vitamin C produces a transient maximum of 220 micromolar vitamin C in the blood. 1
  • 01:01:40 - Intravenous vitamin C can form hydrogen peroxide in the blood which kills pathogens but does not damage normal cells. 1
  • 01:04:15 - Intravenous Vitamin C may reduce the mortality in sepsis patients. 1, 2
  • 01:07:25 - A meta-analysis of 23 clinical studies involving more than 6,000 participants found that supplementation of at least 2 grams per day of vitamin C during a cold had a greater benefit compared to a dose of 1 gram per day. 1
  • 01:08:20 - Lower doses of vitamin C only have a modest effect on preventing the common cold by around 4%. 1
  • 01:09:25 - Taking vitamin C before the onset of symptoms is more effective than once symptoms have already begun. 1
  • 01:11:00 - Animal and human studies have shown vitamin C increases fat burning. 1, 2
  • 01:11:23 - Beginning of Zinc discussion. 
  • 01:12:12 - Transient deficiency in zinc causes dysfunction in immune T-cells. 1 
  • 01:12:24 - Zinc lozenges can reduce the length of the common cold up to 40%. 1
  • 01:13:26 - Quercetin has been reported to block the entry of SARS-CoV-1 into host cells. 1 
  • 01:14:41 - Quercetin as a potential senolytic 1
  • 01:16:12 - Beginning of sauna discussion.
  • 01:18:00 - Sauna use improves cardiovascular exercise. 1
  • 01:22:58 - Joe recommends exercises to Rhonda for stretching the lower back and relieving sciatic pain.
  • 01:33:23 - Rhonda's interview with Charles Raison showing the antidepressive effects of whole-body hyperthermia. 
  • 01:37:00 - Rhonda's first Finnish sauna experience.
  • 01:47:15 - BDNF and synaptic plasticity, cognitive function, and dysfunction.
  • 01:48:06 - Hot baths with a heat of 104ºF for 30 minutes have antidepressive effects. 1
  • 01:49:49 - Heat shock proteins play an important role in preventing muscle atrophy, neurodegenerative diseases and depression. 1, 2, 3
  • 01:51:20 - 163ºF sauna for 30 minutes increased heat shock proteins by 50%. In addition, 104F hot baths for 1 hour from the waist down also increased heat shock proteins . 1, 2
  • 01:55:18 - Cold and hot therapy have been shown to boost immune cell numbers. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
  • 02:00:05 - Sauna use 4-7 times a week was associated with 40% reduction in all-cause mortality. 1
  • 02:12:22 - Low viral dose of influenza was less likely to cause symptoms but still provide immunity. 1
  • 02:17:39 - Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected children are as contagious as symptomatic children.1
  • 02:23:58 - Using the sauna 1-2 times per a week for 3 months reduced the incidence of common colds. 1
  • 02:24:30 - Men who used the sauna two to three times weekly were 27 percent less likely to develop pneumonia than those who used the sauna once weekly or not at all. Men who used the sauna four to seven times weekly were 41 percent less likely to develop pneumonia compared to infrequent or non-users. 1
  • 02:25:17 - Heat shock proteins have also been shown to directly inhibit viral activity and replication of influenza virus A. 1
  • 02:34:30 - Chewing xylitol gum decreases oral bacteria that cause cavities like streptococcus mutans without having an effect on beneficial oral bacteria. 1
  • 02:37:05 - Mothers that chew xylitol gum starting mid-pregnancy and continuing until 6-12 months after birth lowered the oral streptococcus mutan bacteria, which is an anaerobic bacteria that plays a significant role in tooth decay, in their toddlers/children. 1, 2
  • 02:40:00 - Errata: Streptococcus mutans, not staphylococcus mutans.
  • 02:46:45 - High-level summary of factors that may alter or, ideally, improve immune function.
  • 02:47:31 - Rhonda's personal experience with night terrors and Joe's personal experience with sleep apnea.
  • 02:55:37 - Reducing blue light exposure in the evening can improve natural melatonin production and sleep quality.

JRE #1178

Dr. Rhonda Patrick makes her eighth appearance on the Joe Rogan Experience.

A few of the topics and studies mentioned in this episode include...

  • 00:02:00 - BPA in plastic bottles is a potential endocrine disruptor. Study.
  • 00:02:30 - BPA has diverse effects on human health, including endocrine, reproductive, and transgenerational epigenetic effects. Study.
  • 00:02:47 - BPA alters insulin sensitivity. Study.
  • 00:02:54 - BPA interferes with in vitro fertilization. Study.
  • 00:03:35 - BPA transfers across placenta: Study.
  • 00:04:14 - BPA leaches out of baby bottles with repeated use. Study.
  • 00:13:22 - Carnivore diet
  • 00:15:50 - People consume less when following a low carb, high protein diet. Study.
  • 00:16:23 - Diet monotony induces food habituation and decreases food intake. Study.
  • 00:18:24 - Fasting-mimicking diet and ketogenic diet improve symptoms of multiple sclerosis. Study.
  • 00:19:30 - Profound changes in gut microbiome occur with intermittent fasting. Study.
  • 00:20:33 - Minocycline, a type of antibiotic, relieved symptoms of multiple sclerosis due to alterations in gut microbiome. Study.
  • 00:23:16 - The gut microbiome plays key roles in human health and disease. Study.
  • 00:23:16 - When people change from a high fiber to a high protein diet, their gut microbiome undergoes rapid and dramatic change. Study.
  • 00:23:16 - “Putrefactive” bacteria in gut metabolize amino acids and are linked with increased risk of colon cancer. Study.
  • 00:28:45 - Fasting favorably alters the gut microbiome. Study.
  • 00:29:20 - Organs shrink during fasting and then regrow after refeeding. Study.
  • 00:29:45 - Fasting stresses healthy cells so they increase their stress-response pathways, including heat shock proteins, antioxidant production, and anti-inflammatory. Study.
  • 00:36:01 - Ketogenic diet improves symptoms in people with autoimmune disease. Study.
  • 00:37:58 - The placebo and nocebo effect has a genetic basis. Study.
  • 00:38:56 - Placebo/nocebo effect seen in gluten sensitivity studies. Study.
  • 00:40:40 - Dietary fish oil increases dopamine production in brain. Study.
  • 00:45:10 - How the RDAs - Recommended Dietary Allowances - are set: randomized controlled and non-randomized controlled trials, and depletion-repletion, balance, cross-sectional, and case studies. Study.
  • 00:46:59 - Carnivore diet deficiency: Vitamin C
  • 00:48:25 - Vitamin C and glucose use different transporters to enter cells. Study
  • 00:49:54 - RDA for vitamin C based on depletion-repletion studies. Study.
  • 00:53:55 - There's a lot of biological variation in vitamin C needs. Study.
  • 00:56:00 - Carnivore diet deficiency: Vitamin E
  • 00:56:20 - RDA for vitamin E based on its ability to maintain cell integrity. Study.
  • 00:57:00 - Men on low vitamin E diet showed hemolysis of their red blood cells after 2.5 years. Study.
  • 00:59:00 - Inadequate folate causes double-stranded breaks in DNA. Study.
  • 01:00:00 - Lack of consumer tests available for measuring DNA damage accurately
  • 01:06:30 - Phytochemicals as activators of beneficial stress response and evolutionary context.
  • 01:08:21 - Sulforaphane
  • 01:08:43 - Broccoli sprouts have 10 to 100 times more sulforaphane than mature broccoli. Isothiocyanate facts.
  • 01:08:59 - Sulforaphane promotes urinary excretion of benzene and acrolein, compounds in air pollution. Study.
  • 01:09:14 - Sulforaphane activates Phase II detoxification enzymes and deactivates Phase I biotransformation enzymes, which can convert compounds to carcinogens. Study.
  • 01:09:33 - Sulforaphane lowers biomarker for prostate cancer 86%. Study.
  • 01:09:52 - Sulforaphane in Brussels sprouts increases antioxidant compound glutathione. Study.
  • 01:09:52 - Sulforaphane in brussels sprouts decreases oxidative DNA damage. Study.
  • 01:11:13 - Sulforaphane increases antioxidant compound glutathione in human brain. Study.
  • 01:26:00 - Major changes in diet can alter the gut microbiome and temporarily cause discomfort
  • 01:28:30 - Fasting and the fasting-mimicking diet
  • 01:31:30 - Types of Alzheimer's disease and current status of research
  • 01:33:30 - Dr. Dale Bredesen's protocol for Alzheimer's disease
  • 01:35:00 - APOE4 as a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease
  • 01:36:19 - Amyloid plaques in brain are cleared away during sleep. Study.
  • 01:36:54 - People who have APOE4 have a reduced efficiency of amyloid clearance. Study.
  • 01:39:28 - Faulty DHA transport system in brains of people with APOE4 can be bypassed with phospholipid form of DHA. Study.
  • 01:44:00 - Fish oil lowered cardiovascular disease risk by ~30%. Study.
  • 01:43:45 - n−3 Fatty acids and cardiovascular disease risk factors among the Inuit of Nunavik.
  • 02:01:00 - Ketones and Ketosis
  • 02:07:50 - Sulforaphane supplementation
  • 02:11:35 - Parenthood
  • 02:21:32 - Health benefits of heat stress
  • 02:23:52 - Single episode of sauna use improves vascular compliance (blood vessels' ability to contract and expand), reduces blood pressure, and decreases CRP. Study.
  • 02:24:20 - Sauna stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle. Study.
  • 02:24:20 - Sauna use may reduce a chronic inflammatory state by reducing inflammatory cytokines. Study.
  • 02:24:38 - Sauna use before working out reduces delayed-onset muscle soreness associated with exercise. Study.
  • 02:25:40 - Increasing core body temperature decreases symptoms of depression. Dr. Raison study.
  • 02:27:06 - Taking NSAIDs before working out blunts some of the benefits derived from exercise. Study.
  • 02:31:55 - Effects of sensory deprivation

JRE #1054

Dr. Rhonda Patrick makes her seventh appearance on the Joe Rogan Experience.

A few of the topics and studies mentioned in this episode include...

  • 00:04:20 - Fish roe and krill oil have high phospholipid DHA content. Study.
  • 00:04:35 - DHA in phospholipid form passes into the brain more readily than DHA in triglyceride form. Study 1; Study 2.
  • 00:06:00 - The phospholipid form of DHA may be beneficial for people with APOE-related Alzheimer's disease. Study.
  • 00:07:28 - Rhonda eats salmon roe with avocado. Recipe.
  • 00:12:02 - The DNA of sperm in obese men differs epigenetically from that of leaner men. Study. News article.
  • 00:18:00 - Breast milk contains more than 200 human milk oligosaccharides that feed the early infant's microbiome. Study.
  • 00:19:21 - Children who are not breastfed have three times higher risk of allergies by the age of two. Study.
  • 00:20:11 - Breast milk stem cells may be incorporated into babies to help establish organs like the liver, kidneys, pancreas, and brain. Study.
  • 00:29:00 - Changes in estrogen levels and serotonin production after pregnancy associated with postpartum depression. Study.
  • 00:36:30 - APOE4 gene increases risk of amyloid deposition in the brain after a traumatic brain injury. Study 1; Study 2.
  • 00:44:34 - VO2Max - aerobic capacity - decreases 10% every decade after age 25. Study.
  • 00:45:12 - VO2Max increases by 12% after 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training. Study.
  • 00:54:30 - Maternal antibodies from mothers of children with autism alter brain growth and social behavior development in the rhesus monkey. Study.
  • 00:55:02 - Antibodies found in the plasma of some mothers of children with autism suggest a link between maternal antibody transfer and risk of autism. Study.
  • 01:05:31 - A person's blood glucose response to different foods varies dramatically among different people due to genetic differences. Study.
  • 01:17:00 - Rhonda interviewed Dr. Ronald Krauss, who pioneered the test to measure small, dense LDL particles. Study.
  • 01:22:00 - A cyclic ketogenic diet improves memory and extends life in mice. Study.
  • 01:28:13 - Twenty ounces of a sugar-sweetened beverage every day for 3 weeks increases C-reactive protein and small dense, LDL cholesterol in healthy men. Study.
  • 01:28:50 - Healthy adults who drink 12 ounces of sugar-sweetened soda beverages per day may have accelerated aging as evidenced by shorter telomeres. Study.
  • 01:28:50 - Consuming 75 grams of sugar a day decreases testosterone 25% in men. Study.
  • 01:37:05 - NAD+ levels decrease with age in humans. Study.
  • 01:38:30 - Nicotinamide riboside supplementation increases NAD+ levels by up to 90% after four weeks. Study.
  • 01:43:00 - High animal protein intake was only positively associated with cardiovascular mortality among individuals with at least one unhealthy lifestyle risk factor, such as obesity or sedentary lifestyle. Study.
  • 01:45:05 - People with the highest refined sugar intake had a 4-fold increase risk in heart attacks compared to those with lowest intake. Study.
  • 02:00:15 - Supplementation with 20 mg of PQQ - pyrroloquinoline quinone - improves cognitive function, decreases inflammatory biomarkers, and increases markers of mitochondrial function. Study 1; Study 2.
  • 02:04:59 - National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) ensures quality and safety of dietary supplements.
  • 02:13:57 - When gut bacteria from young fish were transplanted into old fish, it extended their lifespan by 37%. Study.
  • 02:27:15 - Short chain fatty acids from but bacteria can dramatically amplify cancer immunotherapy. Study.
  • 02:29:10 - Paternal age plays a role in autism risk. Study.
  • 02:51:50 - People who engaged in strength training exercises had a 23% lower all-cause mortality and a 30% lower cancer-related mortality. Study.
  • 03:00:09 - VO2 max increases during pregnancy. Study.

JRE #901

Dr. Rhonda Patrick makes her sixth appearance on the Joe Rogan Experience.

A few of the topics and studies mentioned in this episode include...

  • 00:03:30 - Running improves short-term and long-term memory. Press release.
  • 00:04:55 - Joe's reflections on the difficulties he experienced running a 5k race in Las Vegas without training.
  • 00:06:40 - Mental and physical challenges can help people become "super-agers."
  • 00:06:55 - Humans begin losing brain mass during their 20s – as much as 20% by the age of 100. Study.
  • 00:07:50 - 20 minutes of intense exercise can increase BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor.) Study.
  • 00:10:10 - Aerobic exercises like running activate brain areas involved in executive function. Study.
  • 00:10:45 - People face unique challenges while living in the 21st century with a brain that evolved during prehistoric times.
  • 00:13:35 - Humans are programmed to deal with stress and could benefit from turning on the "genetic switches" that respond to stress, a process called hormesis.
  • 00:18:20 - The emotional highs and lows Rhonda experiences when entering the "monster soup" during surfing.
  • 00:23:25 - Shark stories.
  • 00:26:00 - Controversies of shark fishing, and the health risks of heavy metals in fish.
  • 00:30:20 - Garlic binds mercury so it can be excreted from the body. Study.
  • 00:31:20 - How pungent compounds in plants have hormetic effects.
  • 00:32:30 - How sulforaphane is formed.
  • 00:33:35 - Broccoli sprouts provide as much as 100 times more sulforaphane per weight than mature broccoli. Study.
  • 00:35:40 - Sulforaphane improved behaviors associated with autism in young adults in a clinical study. Study.
  • 00:36:50 - Sulforaphane worked as well as Prozac in treating symptoms of depression in mice. Study.
  • 00:37:40 - Sulforaphane is the most potent naturally-occurring activator of the Nrf2 pathway. Study.
  • 00:39:10 - Sulforaphane slowed the progression of prostate cancer. Study.
  • 00:40:05 - Sulforaphane increased excretion of the air pollutant benzene. Study.
  • 00:41:40 - Sulforaphane decreased the inflammatory biomarker CRP (C-reactive protein). Study.
  • 00:42:05 - Sulforaphane lowered triglycerides and LDL and improved blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Study.
  • 00:43:40 - Rhonda's comprehensive video about sulforaphane. See FMF episode.
  • 00:44:35 - Rhonda's interview with sulforaphane expert Dr. Jed Fahey. See FMF episode with Dr. Jed Fahey.
  • 00:44:55 - Myrosinase, responsible for converting the precursor glucoraphanin to sulforaphane, is inactivated by cooking but can be rescued partially by gut bacteria or added separately with mustard powder.
  • 00:48:50 - Purchased broccoli sprouts are prone to bacterial contamination but a person can grow their own.
  • 00:51:00 - Things to consider when taking sulforaphane supplements.
  • 00:57:50 - Poor mental health is correlated with malnutrition.
  • 00:58:00 - Inflammation is a causal factor in depression. Study.
  • 00:58:40 - According to the CDC, approximately 11% of Americans take some form of antidepressant. Data.
  • 00:59:00 - Antidepressants were only 10% more effective than placebos. Study.
  • 01:02:50 - Antidepressants affect libido. Study.
  • 01:08:20 - Injection with inflammatory endotoxin or the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon gamma caused depression. Study.
  • 01:09:35 - The omega-3 fatty acid EPA alleviated inflammation-induced depression. Study.
  • 01:10:34 - Injection with a pro-inflammatory cytokine disrupted dopamine production in the brain. Study.
  • 01:11:15 - The lymphatic system is connected to the brain through the meninges. Study.
  • 01:14:10 - The struggle conventional medicine faces in keeping up with current research.
  • 01:16:42 - Inflammation causes tryptophan – the precursor to serotonin – to be reallocated to kynurenine, which then turns into the neurotoxin quinolinic acid, leading to depression. Study.
  • 01:18:00 - The many ways exercise and lifestyle can combat depression.
  • 01:20:00 - The struggle of changing habits and the risk of developing a negative mindset.
  • 01:21:45 - Exercise improves executive function of the brain and inhibits the amygdala area. Study.
  • 01:30:00 - "Brain zapping" (transcranial direct current stimulation) activates motivational pathways. Press release 1; Press release 2.
  • 01:35:00 - Joe's theories about what makes an individual who they are.
  • 01:40:00 - How a person can mold their own body and mind, viewing the body as an ecosystem that they regulate.
  • 01:44:15 - The Steven Pressfield book, "The War of Art," which describes the resistance people experience regarding creativity.
  • 01:47:10 - Nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide (precursors of NAD and vitamin B3) delayed aging in animal models.
  • 01:50:10 - Nicotinamide riboside increased NAD in humans in a clinical trial. Study.
  • 01:51:00 - Elysium supplements contain pterostilbene, resveratrol, and nicotinamide riboside.
  • 01:54:00 - Pterostilbine increases gut microbes that convert ellagitannins to urolithin A, which induces mitophagy. Press release.
  • 01:57:05 - Rhonda explains the process of mitophagy – the clearing away of damaged mitochondria.
  • 01:58:40 - The trend of using transfused blood from young people to slow aging.
  • 02:04:20 - GDNF-11, a growth factor in young people's blood, may slow aging. New Scientist article.
  • 02:04:54 - Vcam-1, a protein in older people's blood, may speed aging. New Scientist article.
  • 02:06:10 - Some people, like Tom Cruise and Keanu Reeves, seem to defy aging.
  • 02:08:15 - One 12-ounce can of sugar-sweetened soft drink per day shortened telomere length, corresponding to 4.6 years of biological aging. Article.
  • 02:10:05 - Joe's experience with a shoulder injury and stem cell injections, and the amazing potential in placental stem cells.
  • 02:12:20 - Joe's doctor and the company that prepares stem cells for injection.
  • 02:16:10 - Myostatin inhibitors out-perform steroids in terms of muscle development and slowed aging.
  • 02:20:30 - How supplement companies use deceptive before and after workout pics.
  • 02:22:30 - Scientist Aubrey De Grey and Rhonda differ on the role of nutrition in aging. Episode.
  • 02:24:40 - The importance of extending healthspan and not just lifespan.
  • 02:27:30 - How time-restricted eating helps develop greater muscle mass and improve endurance.
  • 02:32:20 - Kevin Rose's app called "Zero" that helps track time-restricted eating windows. Article.
  • 02:33:40 - People can volunteer to participate in time-restricted eating research via mobile app. Sign-up page.
  • 02:40:00 - Shift workers are more likely to develop cancer and type 2 diabetes. Study.
  • 02:44:20 - The controversies surrounding saturated fat. See FMF episode.
  • 02:46:00 - Statins can cause muscle atrophy. Study.
  • 02:47:00 - How sugar companies paid researchers for decades to falsify research about saturated fats in order to promote sugar consumption.
  • 02:49:50 - The health risks associated with intake of trans fats.
  • 02:52:40 - Refined sugar intake increased levels of small, dense LDL particles and inflammatory biomarkers in a clinical study. Study.
  • 02:53:33 - Dr. Ron Krauss created a lab test, called the Ion Mobility Assay, to measure different LDL particle sizes. See FMF episode with Dr. Krauss.

JRE #773

Dr. Rhonda Patrick makes her fifth appearance on the Joe Rogan Experience.

A few of the topics and studies mentioned in this episode include...

  • 00:02:23 - 20-40 minutes of aerobic exercise can increase brain-derived neurotrophic hormone. study
  • 00:09:32 - The future of driving with self-driven cars.
  • 00:15:40 - Resistance training is important for producing irisin and osteocalcin and maintaining adequate bone density as you age.
  • 00:18:58 - Dietary resveratrol and spermidine can induce autophagy and prolong lifespan for an organism. source
  • 00:25:05 - Plants contain hundreds of chemicals that have a hormetic effect on us.
  • 00:28:38 - The effects opioids and endorphins have on your body via mu and kappa receptors.
  • 00:36:46 - Men that consumed 250 grams of broccoli and brussels sprouts a day for 12 days increased their urinary excretion of a biomarker of inactive heterocyclic amines by 10%. study
  • 00:39:26 - Garlic can be used to treat MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus).
  • 00:42:06 - 2.4 g of aged garlic was able to slow plaque accumulation in arteries by 80% source
  • 00:45:13 - 1 g of curcumin/phosphatidylcholine complex twice a day reduced delayed onset muscle soreness about 2-fold. study
  • 00:46:45 - High oral dose curcumin repaired and regenerated tendon tissues after tendon damage in rats. study
  • 00:47:09 - 8g of curcumin a day for 3 weeks was shown to be safe in humans. study
  • 01:05:55 - 0.27% ursolic acid (apple skin), or 0.05% tomatidine (green tomatoes) for two months. Both compounds increased muscle mass by 10% and increased muscle strength, by 30% study
  • 01:09:05 - FDA strengthens warning that NSAIDs increase heart attack and stroke risk source
  • 01:16:45 - 2 grams per day of curcumin extract was equivalent to 800 milligrams of ibuprofen study
  • 01:18:10 - Therapeutic effects of sauna and hot yoga via dynorphin release.
  • 01:31:05 - Anthocyanins in blueberries are potent NRF2 upregulators that cause a downstream increase in antioxidant production, DNA repair enzyme, and anti-inflammation.
  • 01:35:00 - Debunking the myth that being obese can be healthy for you.
  • 01:45:40 - Refined sugar causes more hunger via fructose-induced ATP trapping.
  • 01:52:30 - Bacterial overgrowth into the small intestine leads to poor gut health. study
  • 02:08:00 - Dr. Rhonda Patrick's Genetic Report tool
  • 02:10:40 - Cryotherapy
  • 02:24:40 - 10 days of 50F air increases UCP-1 by 38% and increases brown fat conversion. Need study
  • 02:28:20 - Cryotherapy and cold-water immersion has been shown to improve heart rate variability. study 1 study 2
  • 02:31:30 - Cryotherapy decreases C-reactive protein, increases glutathione, and increases superoxide dismutase. need studies
  • 02:34:15 - 2g EPA & 1g DHA per day for 12 weeks increased fat burning by 27% during exercise and 19% during rest. Triglycerides were lowered by 29%. study
  • 02:36:21 - To achieve adequate amounts of DHA and EPA (animal source) in the brain, ALA (plant source) needs to be consumed at 33.5 times the amount of DHA and EPA.study
  • 02:45:48 - The requirement for iron is 1.8 times higher for vegetarians. reference
  • 02:51:35 - “Vitamin D2 inhibits Vitamin D3's function in muscle” study needed
  • 02:54:20 - Saturated fats and cholesterol; good or bad?

JRE #672

Dr. Rhonda Patrick makes her fourth appearance on the Joe Rogan Experience.

A few of the topics and studies mentioned in this episode include...

  • 00:02:00 - Increased frequency of sauna bathing is associated with a reduced risk of sudden cardiac death, fatal coronary heart disease, fatal cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. 1
  • 00:06:42 - Heat shock stress increases lifespan of Drosophila flies. 1
  • 00:07:00 - “People with heat shock gene variant are more likely to become centenarians and prevent muscle atrophy”
  • 00:08:38 - Genetically altered worms to express FOXO3 live 50-100% longer. 1
  • 00:09:25 - Humans with FOXO3 varient have 2.7-fold increased chance of living to 100 years old. 1
  • 00:19:30 - Cold shock can help regrow synapses between neurons. 1
  • 00:21:28 - Cold shock therapy increased neural synapses and delayed onset of Alzheimer’s in mice via RBM3 gene. 1
  • 00:25:58 - Cryotherapy after downhill running exercise decreases exercised-induced muscle damage. 1
  • 00:27:21 - Post-exercise cold water immersion can attenuate muscle growth. 1
  • 00:30:13 - Cold water immersion and cryotherapy increase norepinephrine levels in blood 2-3 fold. 1
  • 00:36:38 - Whole-body cryotherapy as adjunct treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders. 1
  • 00:45:13 - Physical appearance better corresponds with your biological age than chronological age.
  • 00:49:10 - Saturated fats have little significant influence on risk of heart disease.
  • 01:05:30 - Rhonda’s personal experience with MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus)
  • 01:20:10 - Lactate shuttle theory. 1
  • 01:25:00 - Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease improve with intense exercise.
  • 01:25:35 - L-lactate improves Parkinson’s disease symptoms in flies predisposed to Parkinson’s disease.
  • 01:40:15 - Review on relationship between gut-health and depression/anxiety. 1
  • 01:44:15 - Lactobacillus casei and rhamnosus supplementation improved depression symptoms.
  • 01:49:45 - Newly discovered connection between the immune system and the brain via lymphatics. 1
  • 02:05:37 - Plasma phosphatidylcholine docosahexaenoic acid content and risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease: the Framingham Heart Study. 1
  • 02:14:30 - Training in a hot environment can increase endurance and thermoregulation.
  • 02:15:48 - Heat stress protects mice from neural cell death after traumatic brain injury.
  • 02:23:20 - Myostatin-inhibited mice have prolonged lifespan. 1
  • 02:28:15 - CRISPR
  • 02:40:55 - Rhonda’s paper on Vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acid relevance with ADHD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and impulsive behavior. 1

JRE #568

Dr. Rhonda Patrick makes her third appearance on the Joe Rogan Experience.

A few of the topics and studies mentioned in this episode include...

  • 00:12:58 - Lactate can build up in the brain during hypoxic events following trauma, causing cell death. Resource article.
  • 00:16:00 - Traumatic brain injury increases risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Review.
  • 00:34:40 - Repeated traumatic brain injury has cumulative neuroinflammatory effects in the brain over years, including amyloid-beta plaque and tau tangle formation. Study.
  • 00:44:00 - A variant of the APOE gene increases risk of developing Alzheimer's disease as much as 15-fold. Study.
  • 00:45:30 - During sleep, amyloid-beta is cleared from the brain via the glymphatic system.
  • 00:51:51 - Endotoxin from human gut bacteria causes learning and memory deficits and depressive symptoms. Study.
  • 00:58:28 - Obese children and adults have delayed response to micronutrient-rich CHORI-bar supplementation.
  • 01:03:50 - Liposomal glutathione bypasses cellular transport mechanisms to increase heart, brain, and liver glutathione levels. Study.
  • 01:06:50 - Topical application of glutathione reduced inflammation and cell death after brain injury in mice. Study.
  • 01:11:42 - Curcumin from turmeric induces expression of glutathione-related genes and blunts the pro-inflammatory cascade. Study.
  • 01:16:30 - Piperine from black pepper increases the bioavailability of curcumin. Study.
  • 01:17:42 - Aromatic turmerone from turmeric repairs damage to the brain by inducing neural stem cell proliferation. Study.
  • 01:22:45 - Decreased sense of smell is a predictor of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Study.
  • 01:24:51 - Growth factors from the blood of young mice stimulates stem cell proliferation in the brain and muscles of older mice. Study.
  • 01:34:30 - Variants of serotonin-related genes modulate behaviors are associated with personality disorders, impulsivity, and childhood ADHD. Study.
  • 01:38:25 - After a single dose of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), people become more averse to harming others. Study.
  • 01:43:03 - Serotonin is released in the brains of mice pups when nurtured by their mothers, which induces epigenetic changes that increase glucocorticoid receptor transcription. Study.
  • 01:47:39 - Vasopressin influences pair bonding in monogamous prairie voles. Study.
  • 01:48:50 - Genetic variants in the vasopressin receptor gene influence pair bonding behavior in humans. Study.
  • 01:53:05 - When female mice are deprived of cuddling, they become more promiscuous. Study.
  • 01:58:20 - The omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) modulates mental health. Review paper.
  • 02:00:20 - The differences between different omega-3 fatty acid supplement forms are described in Rhonda's video: The Phospholipid Brain-DHA Advantage.
  • 02:03:20 - Mfsd2a is a transporter for the phospholipid form of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Study.
  • 02:14:50 - Alpha-lipoic acid reversed brain aging in rats. Study.
  • 02:19:40 - Dietary influences on the conversion of nitrates to nitrites and nitric oxide. Study
  • 02:38:30 - The potential therapeutic effects of THC on Alzheimer's disease. Study.
  • 02:39:23 - People with higher levels of THC after traumatic brain injury were less likely to die. Study.
  • 02:40:25 - Low levels of THC protect mice from traumatic brain injury. Study.
  • 02:42:40 - THC protects long-term potentiation receptors, which enhance memory and learning, in mice. Study.
  • 02:53:25 - Exercise modulates kynurenine metabolism to protect the brain from neurotoxicity and depression. Study.

JRE #502

Dr. Rhonda Patrick makes her second appearance on the Joe Rogan Experience.

A few of the topics and studies mentioned in this episode include...

  • 00:02:42 - The feelings of anxiety that accompany stressful or important events, eating spicy foods, or sauna use arise from dynorphin release in the brain, which the body counters via the release of endorphins.
  • 00:06:22 - Heat from a sauna also induces the release of endorphins via dynorphin agonization. Article.
  • 00:06:45 - Hormesis, a biological response to stressors such as exercise, EGCC in green tea, or polyphenols in fruit, switches on a host of protective mechanisms that help the body better handle stressors.
  • 00:09:15 - Exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells (neurogenesis) via bone-derived neurotrophic factor, promoting the formation of new memories and the loss of old ones.
  • 00:12:00 - Powerful amygdala activation from either extreme excitement or fear increases episodic memory.
  • 00:12:15 - Serotonin plays a role in brain function and dysfunction, behavior, and episodic memory. Study.
  • 00:13:38 - The massive serotonin release that accompanies MDMA use switches off serotonin receptors, which may result in the low that follows.
  • 00:16:27 - People who take certain serotonergic medications, supplements, or drugs may experience serotonin syndrome.
  • 00:17:22 - The majority of the serotonin in the human body is made in the gut, not the brain.
  • 00:17:44 - The genes that convert tryptophan to serotonin found in the gut (TPH1) and in the brain (TPH2) contain a specific nucleotide sequence known as a vitamin D response element that represses the production of serotonin in the gut and increases serotonin in the brain.
  • 00:18:45 - Serotonin made in the gut has been shown to cause gut inflammation by activating T cells and causing them to proliferate, but knocking out TPH1 in a mouse model of colitis ameliorates the inflammation associated with the disorder. Study.
  • 00:21:55 - Theoretical vitamin D mechanism may play a role in the development of autism by depriving the developing fetus of serotonin if the mother is deficient in vitamin D.
  • 00:23:45 - Autism appears to develop during pregnancy and may be at least partially related to environment.
  • 00:24:00 - Estrogen can activate TPH2 in lieu of vitamin D, potentially explaining why autism is predominantly found in males.
  • 00:24:30 - Gut inflammation is common among people with autism.
  • 00:24:45 - 5-HTP bypasses the normal tryptophan hydroxylase conversion, allowing it to be converted into serotonin more rapidly, so it can be absorbed in the gut instead of the brain.
  • 00:25:35 - Tryptophan is transported into the brain where it can be converted into serotonin by tryptophan hydroxylase, but it competes for transport with branched-chain amino acids, which are transported preferentially.
  • 00:25:55 - The sleepiness associated with eating foods high in tryptophan (such as turkey) may actually be related to their branched-chain amino acid content.
  • 00:28:00 - The 5-HTP supplement New Mood was originally created to facilitate post-MDMA recovery.
  • 00:30:30 - The psychedelic compound dimethyltryptamine, known as DMT, is produced in the pineal gland, and its release may explain the altered perception often described as a "near-death experience."
  • 00:35:10 - Animals in the wild consume hallucinogenic plants. Video.
  • 00:39:37 – Approximately 70 percent of the population in the US is vitamin D deficient.Infographic
  • 00:45:00 - A brief description of the structure and role of telomeres.
  • 00:48:50 - The enzyme telomerase rebuilds telomeres, but it is found primarily in stem cells and cancer cells, the latter of which can hijack telomerase to become immortal.
  • 00:50:10 - Werner's syndrome, a type of aging disorder, involves excessive telomere shortening.
  • 00:53:33 - Aging is a function of DNA damage, which is caused by normal metabolism as well as abnormalities of metabolism, such as obesity.
  • 00:56:50 - Extracts of the astragalus root, the key ingredient in the dietary supplement TA-65, promoted telomerase activity and increase telomere length as much as 40 percent in humans. Study.
  • 00:58:44 - Mice that were given TA-65 exhibited re-activation of telomerase and reversal of aging, but did not get cancer. Study.
  • 01:01:30 - Telomerase reactivation might promote the growth of pre-cancerous cells.
  • 01:03:05 - pH alters the microbial makeup of the gut, which affects the immune system.
  • 01:07:50 - Cancer cells acquire the ability to generate energy from glucose, but even in the absence of glucose they can grow if glutamine is present.
  • 01:09:50 - The body needs nutrients for overall health and to build new DNA, but those nutrients can be harmful in the setting of cancer because they allow cancer cells to proliferate.
  • 01:12:00 - Isothiocyanates derived from cruciferous vegetables exhibit anti-cancer properties.
  • 01:14:00 - Isothiocyanates in kale compete with thyroid iodine uptake but probably only in the setting of iodine deficiency.
  • 01:16:35 - Protective mechanisms, such as the activation of tumor suppressor genes, are induced by hormesis – a type of protective stress response triggered by things like isothiocyanates.
  • 01:20:20 - Plants produce toxic compounds that have a net positive effect because they induce hormesis.
  • 01:25:10 - Documented cases of oxalate-related kidney disease caused by raw juicing exist but are rare.
  • 01:27:30 - Eating a balanced diet will prevent most of the problems associated with extreme dietary practices.
  • 01:29:07 - Putrefying bacteria in the gut use heme from red meat as a cofactor for creating hydrogen sulfide for energy, but hydrogen sulfide prevents human gut cells from making energy (ATP), causing the breakdown of the gut mucus barrier.
  • 01:32:25 - Debunking the claims that vitamins and antioxidants cause cancer.
  • 01:36:05 - Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials are less effective for nutrition research due to differences in vitamin and drug status between study participants.
  • 01:43:04 - Vitamins and minerals are essential for preventing disease and may have little benefit in severely ill people.
  • 01:46:28 - Overview of SELECT, the selenium and vitamin E prostate cancer study. Study.
  • 01:47:35 - The different forms of vitamin E serve different roles in the body and affect cancer risk differently.
  • 01:50:45 - Men who took the alpha-tocopherol form of vitamin E alone had markedly increased incidence of prostate cancer due to gamma tocopherol depletion; however, selenium supplementation prevented the increase in prostate cancer incidence. Study.
  • 01:52:05 - Selenium prevents damage from reactive nitration products, which can cause cancer.
  • 01:54:45 - Mixed tocopherol vitamin E supplements are available and are typically in lower doses than those used in studies.
  • 02:01:18 - The RDA for vitamin D is 600 IUs a day, but 2000 to 4000 IUs are probably acceptable except in cases of severe deficiency.
  • 02:03:18 - A recent study measured omega-3 fatty acid levels from both supplemental and dietary sources in blood and found that for every 1 percent increment in omega-3 fatty acid levels there was a 20 percent decreased risk in all-cause mortality. Study.
  • 02:03:39 - People who took 1500 IUs of vitamin D a day had a 17 percent reduced cancer risk overall. [Study needed]
  • 02:04:15 - Women who self-reported that they took multivitamin supplements on a daily basis had the longest telomeres. Study.
  • 02:05:45 - Most micronutrients can be obtained in the diet, but some nutrients are harder to obtain.
  • 02:06:30 - B vitamins compensate for age-related changes in mitochondrial membranes that can interfere with metabolism.
  • 02:10:00 - High levels of water-soluble vitamins such as B and C pose little risk of toxicity because the excess is excreted; however, high levels of fat soluble vitamins such as vitamins A and D pose greater risks.
  • 02:11:00 - The body converts approximately 5 percent of the plant form of omega-3, ALA, to EPA.
  • 02:12:13 - Microalgae oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and may be a good alternative to flaxseed oil for people who avoid fish oil.
  • 02:13:30 - The omega-3 fatty acid EPA is a potent anti-inflammatory, and the omega-3 fatty acid DHA is a component of your cell membranes and makes up about 40 percent of the brain.
  • 02:15:28 - The omega-3 fatty acid EPA inhibits the arachidonic acid pathway to reduce inflammation.
  • 02:16:05 - Consuming 2 grams of EPA per day has been shown to reduce C-reactive protein, which is a generalized systemic marker for inflammation and widely known for its use to assess risk of cardiovascular disease.
  • 02:17:45 - Omega-3 fatty acids are prone to oxidation, but refrigeration helps prevent oxidation.
  • 02:20:00 - Omega-3 fatty acids are signaling molecules that bind to DNA regions in mitochondrial genes and activate them.
  • 02:27:29 - The Linus Pauling Institute is a good, objective source of supplemental micronutrient reviews. Site.
  • 02:28:35 WellnessFX has a useful tool for getting a broad spectrum blood test checking for relevant markers for vitamins, minerals, inflammation, etc.Site.
  • 02:31:00 - Brief discussion about the implausibility of homeopathy.
  • 02:33:25 - Emerging research suggests that wisdom teeth contain dental pulp stem cells that have potential as a bankable source of cells that can differentiate into other cells including neurons. Study.
  • 02:36:16 - Adding transcription factors to fibroblast cells from skin can reprogram the cells to become pluripotent stem cells, which have the potential to become any type of cell. Study.
  • 02:37:35 - When the blood of young mice was injected into old mice, the older mice experienced tissue regeneration and improvements in memory and learning. Study.
  • 02:38:54 - Environmental factors can trigger the activation of NF-kappa B, a proinflammatory cytokine, which induces the methylation of DNA in stem cells, influencing which cells divide, and ultimately influencing aging.
  • 02:43:12 - Renal epithelial cells excreted in urine can be converted into pluripotent stem cells in the lab due to advances in stem cells science.
  • 02:43:45 - A brief discussion about the current lack of funding in scientific research.
  • 02:48:40 - The benefits of transplanting blood from young mice into old mice may be related to epigenetics, specifically the methylation patterns in stem cells.
  • 02:50:06 - Inactivating insulin growth factor in worms doubles their lifespan. Study.

JRE #459

Dr. Rhonda Patrick makes her first appearance on the Joe Rogan Experience.

A few of the topics and studies mentioned in this episode include...

  • 00:10:30 - Extreme obesity dramatically shortens life expectancy. News release.
  • 00:11:40 - Vitamin D regulates serotonin synthesis. Study.
  • 00:13:00 - Exercise can increase tryptophan transport into the brain. Study.
  • 00:14:25 - Consumption of branched-chain amino acids can deplete tryptophan in the brain as much as use of methamphetamine can. Study.
  • 00:20:27 - Obesity negatively influences vitamin D bioavailability. Study.
  • 00:38:05 - Rhonda Patrick's video: Rebuttal to Anti-Vitamin Editorial: "Enough is Enough"
  • 00:52:40 - The omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reduced symptoms of bipolar depression. Study.
  • 00:54:25 - Telomere length is biomarker for aging. Study.
  • 00:56:02 - Twins with higher serum vitamin D concentrations had longer leukocyte telomere length. Study.
  • 00:56:45 - Twins who exercised more had longer leukocyte telomere length. Study.
  • 01:02:27 - Antipsychotic drugs cause brain atrophy in schizophrenic patients over time. Study.
  • 01:05:23 - The omega-3 fatty acid DHA increases dopamine in the frontal lobe of the brain in schizophrenics. Study.
  • 01:23:10 - Mice without IGF-1 receptor have extended lifespan and greater resistance to oxidative stress. Study.
  • 01:43:30 - Caloric restriction delays disease onset and mortality in rhesus monkeys. Study.
  • 01:48:40 - The grandchildren of boys who lived during periods of famine lived longer than the grandchildren of boys who lived during periods of plenty. Study.
  • 01:52:55 - Environmental enrichment creates epigenetic changes that benefit learning and memory in rodents and these benefits transfer to offspring. Study.
  • 02:05:00 - NASA study showed that gravity influenced expression of genes involved in metastasis. Study.
  • 02:09:18 - Approximately 70% of herbal supplements do not contain what is advertised. Study.
  • 02:14:45 - Supplemental vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids influenced behavior of young adult prisoners. Study.
  • 02:32:57 - High-dose intravenous vitamin C was beneficial for cancer patients. Study.