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“The vaccine is delivered in two doses, typically over a period of a few years, in combination with vaccines against measles and rubella. A single dose of the vaccine reduces the risk of mumps infection by 78 percent; two doses reduce risk by 88 percent.”

“It contains the genetic instructions for synthesis of a single viral protein that stimulates the immune system to make antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. mRNA vaccine technology allows rapid scaling of vaccine production and facilitates modification if the virus mutates significantly.”

“Antibody-producing B cells evolved over time in both vaccinated and unvaccinated convalescent participants; however, receiving an mRNA vaccine increased receptor binding domain antibodies eightfold.”

“However, many people in the United States received their vaccine early in 2021, more than six months before the time of this writing. Whether the protection afforded by vaccination lasts as time passes and more SARS-CoV-2 variants emerge is unclear.”

“Using their model, the investigators predicted a significant decline in antibody concentration over 250 days following vaccination; however, the predicted concentration is still high enough to prevent severe disease. The model was also highly effective in predicting the efficacy of a new vaccine (79 percent estimated efficacy, 81 percent reported efficacy).”

“Pre-existing antibodies to common microbes distinguished strong from weak COVID-19 vaccine responders across several clinical groups. The AI model applied across all groups captured part of that signal, identifying about six in ten weak responders while correctly classifying eight in ten stronger responders.”

“Participants had received at least one dose of the two-dose AstraZeneca, Moderna, or Pfizer vaccines during an eight-month period between December 2020 and July 2021. The authors of the study matched vaccinated persons who tested positive for COVID-19 (cases) with vaccinated persons who tested negative for COVID-19 (controls).”

“On December 18, 2020, the Food and Drug Administration granted emergency use authorization for the Moderna mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. In recent weeks, however, variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have emerged, raising questions about the vaccine's efficacy.”

“A study released this week has identified a new target for Alzheimer’s disease vaccines that may succeed in clearing amyloid-beta plaques. Amyloid-beta is a small, 36-43 amino acid protein that is cleaved from a larger amyloid precursor protein in the brain.”

“This was not true of all vaccines, however. FTA: > Antibody responses to vaccines containing immune stimulating substances called adjuvants were not affected by a lack of gut bacteria. For example, bacteria were not critical for responses to the Tdap (Tetanus-Diphtheria-Pertussis) vaccine.”