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“Older people appear to have impaired mitochondria and energy production highlighting the importance of maintaining mitochondrial health in old age. Skin cells from young and old people were reprogrammed into stem cells that form neurons.”

“As little as 15 minutes of aerobic exercise can increase BDNF albeit to a lesser extent. BDNF robustly increases the growth of new neurons in the brain and prevents existing neurons from dying.”

“They supply fuel to every single type of cell in your body, from muscle to neuron, to keep your cells functioning at their best. Your mitochondrial health is strongly tied to your fitness both in terms of physical performance and even longevity.”

“This finding suggests that cytokines impaired recall by disrupting the function of these specific neuron circuits in the hippocampus. >“The cytokines caused the neural network to react as if no learning had taken place,” said Guzowski, associate professor of neurobiology & behavior.”

“These neural stem cells were formed from the skin cells of an 86 year old man!”

“Then the effect of playing a tone on the auditory cortex was much the same as if the animal had actually been moving -- a result that confirmed the importance of [the secondary motor cortex] in modulating the auditory cortex.”

“Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus was significantly increased by aerobic exercise while resistance training had no effect on neurogenesis but did improve strength in rats. Since both cognitive decline and frailty (decrease in strength) occur with age it may be good to engage in both aerobic and strength training.”

“Branched-chain amino acids (like leucine) outcompete tryptophan for transport into the brain; however, exercise causes branched-chain amino acids to be taken up by muscle cells, thus, allowing tryptophan unabated transport into the brain to make serotonin.”