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“The patients engaged in a 12-week exercise program that included resistance and aerobic activities. The patients took a protein supplement that provided 40 grams of protein immediately after each exercise session to promote muscle protein synthesis.”

“As we age, our muscles' response to resistance training diminishes to varying degrees, with some people responding and others not. This non-responsiveness can make maintaining muscle mass and strength challenging in later years.”

“However, in obesity, the body's sensitivity to leptin is reduced, blunting these regulatory effects. A recent study in mice found that vitamin D allocates excess calories to muscle growth instead of fat storage by regulating leptin and myostatin, a hormone involved in muscle growth.”

“Your brain starts to make brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Because when you're working out, it's not just your muscles that are working hard, your heart that's working hard, your lungs, your brain is also working hard when you're exercising.”

“In addition to lactate, exercise intensity also affects the muscle's ability to produce other compounds known as myokines. So these are molecules released from muscle cells that signal to non-muscle tissues that the body is physically active.”

“Testosterone is a steroid hormone produced primarily in the testes in males and in smaller amounts in the ovaries in females. It's crucial for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics, such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair.”