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“Signatures of donor bacteria could still be detected years later, and participants who took up more donor strains soon after treatment tended to retain more of them long term. The gut bacteriophages – viruses that infect bacteria – also showed lasting donor patterns.”

“This process relies on transduction, the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector. Beti-cel therapy is designed to facilitate the production of normal, healthy hemoglobin and obviate the need for transfusions.”

“Some researchers have hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, crosses the olfactory mucosa and progresses to the olfactory bulb in the brain, thus gaining access to the nervous system.”

“Mouse dendritic cells without the creatine transporter were less likely to survive, produced fewer inflammatory signals, showed weaker immune-alert markers, and had lower ATP, the molecule cells use as a direct energy source.”

“Centenarians, people who live beyond 100 years of age, exhibit higher microbiota diversity and higher capacity for producing beneficial microbial products such as short-chain fatty acids, demonstrating a relationship between microbiota quality and longevity.”

“Following the absorption of most macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) present in food in the small intestine, undigested food travels to the large intestine where microbes metabolize any remaining nutrients.”

“Scientists predict that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, will likely achieve endemic status in the coming years, so identification of strategies that bolster viral immunity and reduce negative outcomes is essential.”

“Previous infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus provides additional protection, called hybrid immunity. A report covered in this edition of the Science Digest found that people with hybrid immunity are more protected from reinfection with variant strains.”

“In late 2020, the Food and Drug Administration granted emergency use authorization for REGEN-COV as a post-exposure treatment for patients meeting specific criteria based on robust data from phase 1 and phase 2 clinical trials.”

“Use of antibiotics may result in chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis due to overgrowth of pathogens such as Clostridium difficile; however, additional research is needed to understand the difference between classes of antibiotics and the effects of dose and duration.”