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“Both intervention groups also reduced fat mass and waist circumference, while lean mass (mostly muscle and other nonfat tissue) changed little. Visceral fat (the deeper abdominal fat stored around internal organs) showed a clearer decrease in the CR group, although this effect was not consistent across all analyses the researchers performed.”

“The authors of the study compared the trajectories, change rates, and death rates associated with fasting blood glucose, body weight, and fat mass in mice, nonhuman primates, and humans across their lifespans.”

“After accounting for muscle mass, high BMI no longer associates with greater survival. Some have hypothesized that excess fat stores are beneficial for counteracting episodes of catabolic stress. However, the risk of death increased with low muscle mass and greater body fat.”

“They collected adipose tissue samples from multiple fat depots around the body such as subcutaneous fat (under the skin), visceral fat (wrapped around internal organs), and pericardial and epicardial fat (around the heart) on the day participants underwent bariatric surgery.”

“The diet the animals were fed contained 3.75 kcal/g of digestible energy with calories supplied by protein, carbohydrate, and fat in a percent ratio of 25:58:17.”

“Trans fat intake increased the risk of ischemic heart disease by at least 3%. Although these effect sizes were small, the risk gradually rose with higher intake levels, with the greatest increases in risk occurring at amounts equivalent to just one serving or less daily.”

“The main source of vitamin D for infants in the first year of life is breast milk. However, if a mother has inadequate levels of vitamin D herself then the infant will not get a sufficient amount of vitamin D from the milk.”

“However, research has identified some of the mechanisms of thymic involution and highlighted possible strategies to improve immunity: By activating PPAR-gamma, a protein that regulates fat metabolism, caloric restriction reduced the rate of thymic involution in mice and increased the number and diversity of circulating T cells.”

“Learn more about these findings in this episode featuring Dr. Charles Raison Risks and complications associated with whole-body hyperthermia The most common side effects of whole-body hyperthermia include nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Subcutaneous fat or muscle tissue burns can occur, as well.”