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“When produced during exercise (especially high intensity workouts like cycling, which shifts metabolism toward glycolysis to more quickly meet the high energetic demands), lactate switches on more than 600 genes involved in muscle adaptation, stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis – the process of making new mitochondria – and promotes protein synthesis, which is essential for muscle growth.”

“Dr. Rhonda Patrick talks at SF Nerd Nite about transgenerational effects of caloric restriction on longevity, B-vitamins silencing bad genes, cognitive stimulation reversing neurodegenerative disease, exercise increases neurogenesis, and ways in which vitamin D might influence aging.”

“Severe sleep deprivation offers one such model. In a randomized crossover study of 15 healthy young adults, a single dose of 0.35 grams per kilogram changed brain-energy measures and reduced deterioration on selected cognitive tasks during about 21 hours awake.”

“A small magnetic-resonance spectroscopy study also found that 20 grams per day for four weeks increased brain creatine by an average of about 8.7 percent, showing that brain uptake is possible but variable.”

“High energy demand is a promising research setting. In a randomized crossover study of 15 healthy adults undergoing 21 hours of sleep deprivation, a single 0.35-gram-per-kilogram dose changed cerebral energy measures and improved selected cognitive outcomes.”

“A later crossover study using a lower weight-based dose found its clearest benefit in reasoning, while several memory, accuracy, fatigue, and sleepiness outcomes did not reliably improve. Routine muscle supplementation and acute sleep-loss research use different protocols.”

“In a study of more than 25,000 UK Biobank adults who reported no structured exercise, about three short VILPA bouts per day were associated with 38 to 40 percent lower all-cause and cancer mortality and 48 to 49 percent lower cardiovascular mortality compared with no VILPA.”

“Smaller crossover studies support the same practical direction. Sprint intervals improved the late insulin response after one four-hour night of sleep, and a two-week HIIT program attenuated the rise in glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids after 24 hours without sleep.”

“In 15 people with severe traumatic brain injury, sodium lactate infusion increased brain lactate, pyruvate, and glucose without raising intracranial pressure, and a randomized study in 60 patients with mild traumatic brain injury reported better cognitive recovery than hypertonic saline.”

“In the prospective Framingham Offspring Study, people in the highest red-blood-cell DHA group had approximately 49 percent lower risk of developing Alzheimer's disease than those in the lowest group.”