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“Doubling the recommended amount, ensuring a daily intake of 1.6 to 1.8 grams per kilogram (0.7 to 0.8 grams per pound) of body weight, will pay the greatest dividends for promoting muscle protein synthesis for non-novices.”

“The study involved nearly 2,300 middle-aged men enrolled in the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, an ongoing study of heart disease risk factors among men and women living in Finland.”

“Researchers asked more than 412,000 healthy men and women in the United States to provide information about their physical activities, including the frequency, duration, intensity, and type.”

“The researchers posited that the immobilized arm retained more muscle mass and strength due to neural adaptations from training the opposite arm, a phenomenon known as cross-education effects. Interestingly, sauna use can also help maintain muscle mass during periods of disuse due to immobilization.”

“Researchers asked 75 young adults—some with a healthy weight and some with overweight or obesity—to drink a beverage sweetened with either sucralose (often marketed as Splenda), sucrose (table sugar), or plain water on three separate occasions.”

“Researchers asked 14 healthy older adults (65 to 85 years old) to sit in an infrared sauna (60°C, 140°F) for 45 minutes, three times weekly, for eight weeks. They collected muscle biopsies before and after the heat exposure to measure capillarization—the number of capillaries around each muscle fiber—as well as muscle size.”

“The study involved 97 older adults (average age, 64) with low dietary protein intake (less than 1 gram per kilogram of body weight daily) who had experienced at least one fall in the past year.”

“Next, they examined muscle stem cells from both groups and found that the fasted animals' cells were smaller; had less mitochondrial content, RNA content, and basal oxygen consumption; and exhibited delayed cell division, compared to cells of non-fasting animals.”

“Six minutes of vigorous exercise increased brain levels of BDNF – a protein that may protect against Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions – as much as five times more than light exercise, a new study has found.”

“Three times a day for seven days, the men drank a beverage containing 75 grams of glucose (a type of sugar) – roughly equivalent to consuming a typical, large-sized sugar-sweetened soft drink. They ate their regular diet throughout the study period.”