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“Heavy lifetime drinkers were also more likely to have a larger waist circumference – as much as 5.47 centimeters (~2.15 inches) larger – even if they cut back on their alcohol consumption before the age of 50.”
“However, smokers experienced up to 17 percent greater decline in memory and up to 16 percent greater decline in fluency, even after considering other factors that influence cognitive aging, including age at baseline, gender, country, education, wealth, and chronic conditions.”
“This study shows that people with multiple behavioral risk factors (ie. obesity, smoking, excess alcohol consumption) not only live shorter lives than those without these factors but also experience an extended time disabled.”
“Smoking was the leading contributor, accounting for nearly 20% of cases and more than 28% of deaths. Other major risk factors included excess body weight and alcohol use, accounting for more than half of the cases and deaths for 19 out of 30 cancer types.”
“Since the 1980’s, clinicians and researchers have been puzzled by the “French paradox”: the observation that residents of France have a surprisingly low incidence of cardiovascular disease given their high rates of smoking, intakes of saturated fat, and hypercholesterolemia (i.e. abnormally high serum levels of harmful low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol).”
“Researchers grew human-induced pluripotent stem cells into three-dimensional heart cell structures called cardiac spheroids and exposed them to clinically relevant amounts of ethanol (the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages) for five weeks.”