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“People who carry gene variants that increase their risk of Alzheimer's disease may benefit from consuming foods that are rich in DHA, a type of omega-3 fatty acid. The study involved nearly 1,800 people between the ages of 46 and 77 years who were enrolled in the UK Biobank Prospective Study.”

“Klotho is produced primarily in the kidneys, but some is produced in the brain, where it appears to play a role in cognition and in neurogenesis, the process of forming new neurons. Neurogenesis is the basis for memory, but it declines with age, leading to cognitive decline.”

“COVID-19 is an acute illness caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Although most people recover from COVID-19 within a few weeks of presenting with symptoms, some experience long-term complications that affect multiple organs, including the heart, lung, kidney, skin, and brain.”

“Some of the mechanisms that drive the beneficial effects of exercise on the brain include increases in brain volume and connectivity, improved blood flow, enhanced synaptic plasticity, and increased neurogenesis – the formation of new neurons.”

“Evidence from a 2020 study suggests that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, disrupts the blood-brain barrier. SARS-CoV-2 enters cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a protein that is widespread among the body's tissues and plays important roles in blood pressure control.”

“Serotonin, in particular, plays a crucial role during early brain development by helping neurons grow and connect properly. When BPA disrupts this system, it alters the formation of key brain regions like the cerebellum, which is vital for coordination and cognitive processing.”

“Findings from a 2015 study suggest that women with a BDNF gene variation experience fewer cognitive problems during chemotherapy compared to those without this variation. BDNF is a growth factor that is involved in the growth and repair of neurons.”

“Exposure to auditory stimuli alone had similar effects on microglial activity and amyloid burden in the auditory cortex of the mice's brains, but the mice also exhibited improved performance on several hippocampal-dependent tasks and improved brain vasculature.”

“Still, the large effect sizes and clear divergence from placebo suggest that omega-3 supplementation may offer meaningful benefits as a complementary strategy for managing psychological distress. In episode #31, I discuss the underlying mechanisms of depression.”

“FGF21 activates neurons in the brain involved in metabolic regulation. These findings suggest that prolonged breastfeeding protects against obesity in later life, likely mediated by the influence of FGF21 on metabolic regulation.”