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Dr. Rhonda Patrick answers audience questions on various health, nutrition, and science topics in this Q&A session.

Dr. Rhonda Patrick discusses fish oil and Afib risk, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, supplements for kids, and curcumin's impact on testosterone.

“Whereas its link to diabetes is well known, what is likely underappreciated is that refined sugar may be linked to as many as 200,000 deaths worldwide each year from diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer combined. Refined sugar also affects the brain.”

“In a randomized trial of resistance-trained women, an eight-hour eating window did not reduce gains in lean mass, muscle thickness, strength, or performance when energy and protein intake were matched and the participants completed supervised resistance training.”

“Although scientists have identified other lifestyle behaviors that can help prevent the build-up of amyloid plaques by boosting the capacity for glymphatic clearance – such as exercise and adequate intake of omega-3 – the most important factor by far is a good night's sleep, especially deep sleep.”

“Sleep and the immune system are intrinsically linked. Sleep problems may arise because of medical or behavioral reasons, but modern life frequently dictates a work schedule late into the evening, disrupting our natural sleep/wake cycles.”

“When most people think about certain lifestyle factors that affect insulin sensitivity and blood glucose levels, they think about macronutrient composition, or calories, or fasting, or exercise (and lack of), but they don’t often think about sleep.”

“In a placebo-controlled study of eight healthy adults, adrenaline infusion lowered plasma magnesium, and levels had not recovered one hour later. Investigators proposed a shift into cells after beta-adrenergic stimulation; the study did not measure cortisol, urinary loss, total-body depletion, or clinical deficiency.”

“Protein before or after exercise can support adaptation, while total daily intake matters most. Third, distribute protein across three or four meals, with older adults often needing 20–30 grams or more per meal, while there is no small hard ceiling.”

“A systematic review and meta-analysis found no evidence that one time of day produces universally better improvements in health or performance, although gains can be larger when the time of training matches the time of testing.”