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“At baseline, non-smokers' blood vessel diameter was 3.39 mm and smokers' diameter was 3.33. Before treatment, FMD increased dilation in non-smokers to 3.7 mm, while smokers' vessels were virtually unchanged at 3.36 mm after FMD.”

“Scientists find that visceral fat, a type of adipose tissue that produces high levels of inflammatory signals known as adipokines, impair learning and memory in mice by setting off an inflammatory cascade mediated by the release of IL-1 beta, which crosses the blood-brain barrier leading to chronic activation of microglia.”

“For example, a large, population-based study that drew data from more than 170,000 men and women between the ages of 30 and 75 years showed that animal protein intake was associated with increased death rates only when the participants had at least one unhealthy lifestyle risk factor such as smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, or being overweight or obese.”

“Conclusions Lactobacillus reuteri has demonstrated a plethora of unique biological effects across a wide range of clinical and non-clinical research that seemingly converge on a few fundamental mechanisms, including strengthening the gut barrier and immune system, improving metabolism, and protecting infants from digestive diseases, among others.”

“Compared with no resistance training, 90–119 minutes per week was associated with a 13% lower rate of death from any cause, a 19% lower rate of cardiovascular death, and a 27% lower rate of neurological disease death after accounting for aerobic activity and other health and lifestyle factors.”

“The condition is called 'leaky gut syndrome'. Our studies indicate a leaky gut and increased inflammation in the intestinal mucous membrane and related lymphoid tissue before clinical symptoms of MS are discernible.”

“Here’s an interesting report that didn't make it into this issue of the Digest. Fructose metabolism is a survival mechanism that drives nutritional intake, reduces resting metabolism, promotes fat and glycogen storage, and induces insulin resistance to preserve the brain's glucose supply.”

“Despite this, moderate consumption of foods like eggs—up to three per day—has not been shown to elevate plasma TMAO levels For optimal health, individuals should focus on meeting, but not greatly exceeding, the recommended daily intake of choline, ensuring they obtain it through a balanced diet rich in both animal and plant-based foods.”

“For example, exposure to ultraviolet B light is the primary source of vitamin D, but behaviors or characteristics that block or reduce sun exposure, such as using sunscreen, having high levels of melanin (a dark pigment found in skin that acts like natural sunscreen), exclusive breastfeeding, older age, or being obese can impair the skin's ability to produce vitamin D3.”

“Researchers investigated the effects of omega-3s on bone in various settings that induce or replicate weightlessness-related bone loss: cells in culture, astronauts returning from short-duration shuttle missions, and healthy people who experienced 16 days of ground-based bed rest.”