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“Around one third of adults report that they take a multivitamin. A health investment or expensive urine? A multivitamin is best understood as nutritional insurance—not a substitute for a varied diet and not a proven longevity drug.”

“The modified atkins diet which has been demonstrated to have similar efficacy to the classical ketogenic diet in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy and how it may be a slightly more practical option for achieving therapeutic nutritional ketosis.”

“Potential applications discussed in the episode include: Targeted drugs matched to mutations or signaling pathways that help a tumor grow. Checkpoint immunotherapy that reduces suppressive signals and helps immune cells attack cancer.”

“Heavy metals and prescription drugs, especially those used to treat cancer, readily transfer to breast milk and pose considerable threats due to an infant's limited capacity to metabolize drugs.”

“Docosahexaenoic acid, or DHA, is an omega-3 fatty acid in fish oil that serves as an important component of cell membranes in the brain. In rodent and non-human primate models of Parkinson's disease, DHA decreases levodopa-induced dyskinesias without reducing the drug's effectiveness.”

“A separate study of 17 recently abstinent heavy cannabis users found poorer sleep efficiency, longer sleep onset, and less slow-wave sleep than in 14 drug-free controls, consistent with withdrawal-related sleep disruption.”

“These findings are promising but require further investigation — no drug or treatment slows disease progression. In this clip, Dr. Giselle Petzinger discusses how intense exercise can impact motor scores in people with Parkinson's disease.”

“Fasting creates a hostile microenvironment for cancer cells, sensitizing them to chemotherapy drugs and promoting cell death. This exploits the inability of cancer cells to adapt to extreme environments.”

“Pharmacological depletion of norepinephrine can lead to depression. Clinicians sometimes treat ADHD and depression with norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, but these drugs carry some risks.”

“Drugs of abuse are dangerous for several reasons, but in terms of the dopamine system, they're bad because they lead to large, rapid, intense peaks in dopamine. Importantly, these peaks occur with little to no effort.”