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“In one randomized crossover study of 15 healthy adults, a single dose of 0.35 grams per kilogram changed brain-energy measures and partially reduced deterioration on selected cognitive tasks during 21 hours without sleep.”

“Part 3 of this series focuses on maximizing and maintaining muscle mass—an essential part of long-term health and fitness—with insights from exercise physiologist and nutrition expert Dr. Luc van Loon and exercise scientist Layne Norton.”

Many of the anabolic effects of growth hormone are thought to be mediated by insulin-like growth factor-1, or IGF-1 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18500379), which is synthesized primarily in the liver but also in skeletal muscle in response to growth hormone.

“The parasympathetic nervous system's primary function is to control homeostasis, allowing the body to conserve energy as it slows the heart rate, to increase gut motility and hormonal activity, and to relax sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract.”

“Mouse studies of feeding during infection also found different responses across bacterial and viral models, so a minimally processed dietary pattern, regular exercise, and normal hydration and nutrition during illness provide a more useful foundation than one universal food or fasting rule.”

“Imaging studies also associate higher visceral fat with increased cancer incidence in some populations, while large cohort analyses link greater waist circumference with higher all-cause mortality.”

“Dr. Mattson asserts that intermittent fasting (IF) has many brain benefits — even more than a ketogenic diet but they also share many similarities. Intermittent fasting increases activity in neural networks to a greater extent than a ketogenic diet.”

“Some research suggests that dietary supplements might offer a means to lengthen telomeres. Candidates include vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and TA-65, a product that purportedly contains extracts of astragalus membranaceus, a plant-based compound that demonstrates anti-aging effects.”

“To keep magnesium levels up, especially if you're active and losing a lot of magnesium through sweating, adding more magnesium-rich foods to your meals or opting for supplements like magnesium glycinate or citrate can make a big difference in maintaining your cell health and overall well-being.”

“Periods of fasting have a powerful anti-inflammatory effect. In this clip, Dr. Charles Raison describes strategies that have evolved to offset the risks associated with eating, such as inflammation and the antibiotic effects of hyperthermia.”