Related Episodes for Obesity affects genes in sperm DNA involved in metabolism and brain | Elissa Epel

“Brady Holmer turns the protocol into a weekly framework: one interval session, one longer easy session, additional base-pace activity, active recovery, and at least two resistance sessions. Dr. Patrick emphasizes the progressive build.”

“Even though the primary endpoints failed (NR did not improve insulin sensitivity or weight loss), he notes a meaningful signal in reduced liver fat—a 2% decrease in the NR group compared to a 0.2% reduction in the placebo group, a difference that didn't reach statistical significance, likely because subjects weren't randomized by liver fat and variability was high.”

“The oversimplified view that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is good, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is bad has led to misunderstandings of the relationship between cholesterol and cardiovascular disease risk.”

“Preliminary findings from a study analyzing UK Biobank data with over 25,000 participants suggest that even 3-4 minutes of VILPA daily could reduce all-cause mortality risk by 25-30%.”

“Other hormetic responses to cold exposure include increased production of PGC1-alpha, a protein that promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, the production of new, healthy mitochondria, and the activation of brown fat – a phenomenon once thought to occur only in newborns, but now known to occur in adults, especially after cold exposure.”

“Perhaps the most clear-cut examples of cryotherapy’s beneficial effects are observed in the brain, where levels of the hormone and neurotransmitter norepinephrine – responsible for vigilance, attention, focus, and positive mood – increase markedly when the body is exposed to extreme cold.”

“However, the term "fasting" can comprise a variety of subtypes. Intermittent fasting, a term lacking specificity, usually refers to interventions such as alternate-day fasting, fasting one day per week, or a five:two eating pattern (fasting for two days per week).”

“The most compelling human signal appears when the brain is under acute strain. In a randomized crossover study, a single dose of 0.35 grams per kilogram during 21 hours of sleep deprivation changed cerebral energy metabolites and preserved selected measures of cognitive performance.”

“A recent meta-analysis also found small benefits in selected cognitive domains, including memory and processing speed, with responses that may depend on age, diet, baseline stores, stress, dose, and the cognitive test used.”

“A separate six-week randomized study in 30 healthy young adults found that neither 10 nor 20 grams per day improved the tested cognitive outcomes compared with placebo. The result is an important counterweight to the acute sleep-deprivation experiment.”