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Dr. Rhonda Patrick answers audience questions on various health, nutrition, and science topics in this Q&A session.

“00:37:40 - Mechanism action of EGCG in green tea is hormesis -- it activates NRF2 pathway which activates glutathione and other antioxidant genes. 00:38:34 - Rhonda & Tim have a laugh at their mutual love of "The Princess Bride".”

“Exercise acutely activates various inflammatory pathways, but long-term contributes to a reduction in chronic inflammation. In this clip, Dr. Charles Raison explains how agents that interact with the immune system may play a subtle and complex role in depression.”

“Small trials in older adults and people with mild cognitive concerns have reported improvements in selected memory, processing-speed, or task-switching measures, although the response varies by study, product, population, and outcome.”

“The 1992 discovery of sulforaphane, a compound derived from broccoli and broccoli sprouts, paralleled the discovery of Nrf2, a cellular protein that participates in the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE biological pathway.”

“The increased production of these genes is sustained over time – typically a period of days – so frequent, consistent consumption of foods and supplements that provide sulforaphane provides optimal exposure.”

“Consuming chocolate and cocoa may carry some risks, however, due to their cadmium content and possible effects on the fetus during pregnancy. In this Aliquot, I describe some of the research on the benefits and risks of consuming cocoa and chocolate, as foods or supplements.”

“He further explains that this individualized preventive medicine is critical because of the wide variety of genetic make-ups in our society. Your genetic make-up affects the metabolism of nutrients and certain people may need to consume more to compensate for their genetics.”

“Recent clinical evidence suggests that sulforaphane can help the body to rapidly excrete potential cancer-causing compounds, such as benzene and acrolein, which are prevalent in air pollution and cigarette smoke.”

“She then describes sulforaphane and magnesium as pathway-focused choices. Sulforaphane activates NRF2-regulated antioxidant and phase 2 detoxification enzymes, while magnesium supports hundreds of enzymatic reactions, including energy metabolism and DNA repair.”