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“However, two small, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experiments in which participants received BHB supplements (as ketone salt or ketone monoester) found that various markers of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, including caspase-1 and interleukin 1-beta, increased, suggesting that the ketones may have unintended proinflammatory effects.”

“A series of meta-analyses involving 925 participants across 15 randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials explored the anti-inflammatory effect of quercetin supplementation in both healthy adults and people who had been diagnosed with a disease, including type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, coronary artery disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and obesity.”

“Robust evidence from epidemiological, clinical, rodent, and in vitro studies has demonstrated that sulforaphane exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may be beneficial against a wide range of chronic and acute diseases, including autism, cancer, metabolic dysfunction, and many others and may ameliorate some of the harmful effects associated with exposure to air pollution.”

Toll-like receptors are a family of pattern recognition receptors expressed on the surface of immune and other cells that play an important role in intestinal permeability and inflammaging.

“DAMPs such as HMG-1 bind to TLR4 and receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) on cells at the blood-brain barrier to induce an immune response that initially inhibits the deposition of amyloid-beta, a key feature of Alzheimer's disease progression.”

Dr. Rhonda Patrick answers audience questions on various health, nutrition, and science topics in this Q&A session.

“Dr. Michael Grandner describes this as the "mind after midnight"— being awake past our normal bedtime biases us toward reward-seeking, negative affect, and weaker executive control, helping explain not only late-night eating (a preference for energy-dense, high-fat, and high-sugar foods) but other impulsive behaviors that occur at this time.”

“With such an important set of responsibilities, it is unsurprising that a decline in T cell-mediated immunity contributes to debilitating age-related illnesses: Reduced infectious immunity – Immunosenescence, a cellular process integral to thymic involution, is associated with reduced immunity to influenza and other respiratory infections and less effective response to influenza vaccination.”

“In a study involving diet-induced diabetic mice, injection of 500 milligrams per kilogram of body weight (mg/kg/bw) of nicotinamide mononucleotide administered for seven days enhanced insulin sensitivity and improved glucose intolerance compared to that observed among mice not given nicotinamide mononucleotide.”

“The participants took memory tests and mental health surveys before and after engaging in their randomly assigned respective activities: no exercise; four weeks of exercise with exercise and a test on the last day; four weeks of exercise, without exercise on the final test day; or a single bout of exercise on the last test day.”