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“The recipient mice experienced improvements in memory and synaptic plasticity – the ability to form new connections between neurons. These findings suggest that beige fat drives the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of subcutaneous fat in mice.”

“A high-fructose diet also increased oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in the neurons of the hippocampus, a key brain region damaged by depression and anxiety. After eight weeks of methyl donor supplementation, this hippocampal damage was reversed, reducing depression and anxiety behavior.”

“Resveratrol: Resveratrol is a polyphenol found in red wine, among other plant sources, and is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been studied for its ability to protect neurons by neutralizing free radicals, reducing inflammation, and enhancing neuronal energy metabolism.”

“When produced during exercise (especially high intensity workouts like cycling, which shifts metabolism toward glycolysis to more quickly meet the high energetic demands), lactate switches on more than 600 genes involved in muscle adaptation, stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis – the process of making new mitochondria – and promotes protein synthesis, which is essential for muscle growth.”

This glucagon spike was followed by an increase in plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) – a metabolic regulator implicated in processes ranging from fatty acid oxidation and ketone body production to the regulation of appetite for addictive substances…

“If this potentially synergistic effect of creatine and specific probiotics is confirmed in larger, well-controlled human trials that compare the effects of creatine and probiotics individually to their combination and placebo, targeting this gut–brain energy pathway could offer a new approach to improving depression treatment.”

“There is so much to say when we talk about the NRF2 pathway and isothiocyanates like sulforaphane that we had to pack it into 47 minutes and break it into a few key sections. Key sections: For a more in-depth breakdown click the timeline link at the top of this page!”

“Neurons, by contrast, may lack robust capacity for certain NAD precursor routes (due to their limited ability to use tryptophan/nicotinic acid pathways), making them more vulnerable if specific pathways are compromised.”

Dr. Rhonda Patrick answers audience questions on various health, nutrition, and science topics in this Q&A session.

Dr. Rhonda Patrick answers audience questions on various health, nutrition, and science topics in this Q&A session.