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Dr. Rhonda Patrick answers audience questions on various health, nutrition, and science topics in this Q&A session.

Dr. Rhonda Patrick discusses Akkermansia muciniphila, vitamin B1's effect on blood sugar, emulsifiers in food, and electrolyte supplements.

Dr. Rhonda Patrick discusses stroke risk, eczema, immune resilience, her new smoothie recipe, and whether everyone should cut out gluten.

“Dr. Satchin Panda and his colleagues at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California, have created an app, MyCircadianClock, that allows users to track their daily health behaviors, including eating, sleeping, moving, and taking supplements and medications.”

“In a four-month randomized trial of 88 overweight, untrained middle-aged adults, daily doses of 500 or 1,000 milligrams improved some muscle and mitochondrial measures, while the primary outcome of peak power did not significantly improve.”

“In a previous episode, entitled "Maximizing Your Mitochondria with Magnesium," we learned that 45% of the US population is deficient in magnesium and the important role magnesium plays in mitochondrial function and how this relates to exercise performance by ensuring your muscle cells have the highest oxidative capacity (ability to produce ATP or "energy") possible.”

“Practicing healthy light exposure habits — seeking bright light in the morning and avoiding it in the evening — is crucial. When we eat also plays a role, and eating too close to bedtime disrupts sleep and shifts circadian timing over the next few days.”

“Dr. Brooks's exact practice of waking 96 minutes before dawn comes from the Vedic concept of Brahma Muhurta rather than a tested clinical protocol. Creatine may provide modest cognitive benefits in some settings, although results in healthy adults are mixed.”

“Controlled studies have found higher overnight glucose after an identical dinner eaten at 10 PM instead of 6 PM and a larger glucose response when food intake occurs close to habitual bedtime during elevated endogenous melatonin.”

“Metformin, a drug commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes, has garnered interest as a longevity compound because it was shown to extend lifespan in some animal models. These effects are variable and seem to depend on the age and gender of the animals, as well as the dose provided.”