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“As a founding principal investigator at Altos Lab, Dr. Levine sits at the frontier of aging research, where she and her colleagues are investigating what she describes as some of the most exciting research in the field, centered on interrupted cellular reprogramming.”

“Instead, they have the potential to become specialized cells, such as muscle, blood, or brain cells. Human breast milk contains mammary stem cells – precursor cells from the mother that may help establish organs like the liver, kidneys, pancreas, and brain, a phenomenon known as microchimerism.”

“Time-restricted eating involves consuming meals within a specific daily time window. However, choosing the optimal time frame for that window is influenced by many factors, the most important of which is circadian rhythmicity, which alters our body's metabolic responses to food.”

“As the blood-brain barrier breaks down, whether as a part of aging or neurodegenerative disease, immune cells, inflammatory cytokines, toxic proteins, and red blood cells gain access to the brain from the blood and contribute to cognitive dysfunction.”

“Some of the more unique components of breastmilk are human milk oligosaccharides, or HMOs – complex, indigestible sugars that serve no nutritional purpose. Rather, the primary role of HMOs is to serve as prebiotics to induce the growth or activity of beneficial bacteria in the infant gut.”

“A small randomized trial in trained athletes found that 20 milligrams per day for two weeks increased total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase and reduced post-training DNA damage versus placebo; it did not test performance or long-term adaptation.”

“Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are proteins that play critical roles in two major growth pathways in the human body. The intake of amino acids regulates these two pathways, which must remain in balance to facilitate muscle growth and repair.”

“In a randomized crossover study of 18 young men with overweight or obesity, ten three-minute walking or squat breaks spread across 8.5 hours reduced post-meal glucose exposure more than uninterrupted sitting or one continuous 30-minute walk.”

“Magnesium supports hundreds of enzyme reactions involved in functions such as energy metabolism and DNA repair, and foods including leafy greens, legumes, nuts, seeds, and whole grains can help close common intake gaps.”

“Ketogenic diets range from the exacting therapeutic diet used to treat epilepsy to a liberalized low-glycemic-index diet that is better suited as a lifestyle diet. These diets are high in fat and low in carbohydrates and can be tracked using an objective biomarker – ketones.”