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“While typical muscle-oriented creatine supplementation protocols (3–5 grams daily) can benefit bone indirectly through increased muscle mass, emerging evidence suggests that higher doses (up to ~8–10 grams/day) might be optimal for maximizing creatine's potential bone benefits in aging populations, especially when paired with weight-bearing exercise.”

“An abundance of scientific data clearly demonstrates that eating a carbohydrate-rich meal prior to endurance exercise training – more than 60 minutes' duration – markedly improves performance in humans.”

“A large series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses found dose-response associations between dietary fiber and lower cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, colorectal cancer, and mortality, with randomized trials also supporting favorable effects on weight, cholesterol, and blood pressure.”

“For people who begin in their seventies, Dr. Levine says exercise can still lower blood pressure, improve endothelial function, alter autonomic control, and raise VO2 max even when structural remodeling of the heart is limited.”

“Early human evidence includes local-heat studies during limb immobilization and biomarker studies after resistance training, but those results do not prove that whole-body sauna builds muscle or prevents age-related muscle loss.”

“Dr. van Loon sees useful research questions in skin, joints, and recovery after orthopedic surgery, but he keeps those possibilities separate from established muscle-building effects.”

“Coordination of meal timing with the circadian rhythm can reduce markers of inflammation and affect aspects of metabolic health, including glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity. Animal studies suggest that overnight fasting induces autophagy.”

“Coffee consumption is associated with protection from several chronic diseases. Coffee's beneficial effects may stem from its ability to induce autophagy; however, other evidence points to the benefits of caffeine, which can reset the body's internal clocks in the morning.”

“In this clip, Drs. Levine and Patrick discuss genetic and environmental factors that can accelerate or slow epigenetic aging. Dr. Levine also discusses the aging clock she created and how it can be used, along with other biomarkers, to determine an individual's rate of aging.”

“Liberalizing the diet by altering protein, fat, and fiber intake may make the diet more tolerable. For those who have difficulty reaching and sustaining ketosis, ketone supplementation may be beneficial, but their use might interfere with weight loss.”